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The Historical, Archaeological, Religious & Cultural Significance Of 'Kangla': The Ancient Citadel Of Manipur

Pandit N.Khelchandra Singh



This article is the second chapter on the Volume I of the compendium.
The numbers given along side the contents below are the actual page numbers on the Volume I.

- CONTENTS OF THIS PAPER -

1. Tracing Origin of Kangla in Pre-Pakhangba or Khaba Era: 45
2. How Pakhangba Became the God-King of Manipur: 45
3. Origin of The Manipuri People: 47
4. Coronation at `Kangla Men': 48
5. Lallup & Panna Systems as Introduced By Pakhangba: 49
6. Growth of Kangla as a Fortress City Through the Ningthouja Clan: 50
7. Kangla-Centric Prosperity of Ancient Manipur: 51
8. Desertion of Kangla during the Burmese Assault: 55
9. Details of Kangla Fort From the Various Annals: 55
10. The Intricate Kangla System: 56
11. Final Assault on Kangla - The Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891: 57
12. The Climactic Aftermath - Beheading of Quinton & Others: 58
13. Demolition of Kangla By Brigadier General Collett: 59
14. Post-1891 Status of Kangla: 59
15. Iconic Symbolism of Kangla: 60
16. Monuments, Historical Sites & Remains in Kangla: 61

References Further References & Notes:
References: 68
Further References: 69

Notes:
1. How Pakhangba Extirpated Khaba Chief Nongjengba From Kangla 70
2. The Evolution of Meitei Polity: 71
3. Significance of Kangla in the Economic History of Manipur: 73
4. Kangla as a Central Place Market System: 79
5. Role of Kangla in the Evolution of the Meitei Polity: 80
6. Mythical Significance of Kangla: 82
7. Manipur in the Eyes of Foreign Historians: 84
8. Manipur as the Origin of Polo: 88
9. Handloom & Handicrafts of Manipur: 93

Tables:
2-1: Chronology of the Rajas of Manipur: 65
2-2: British Officers Who Served as Political Agents in Manipur: 67
2-3: Names of Traditional Royal Apparels: 96
2-4: Traditional Colours for Different Salais/Clan Members: 97

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