CONTENTS - Vol III

Chapter 12
The Transcendental Role Of Women In Manipur History:
Dr. M. C. Arunkumar & Irengbam Arun

1. A Glorious Track Immortalized By Manipuri Womanhood: 623
2. Near-Complete Absence of `Female Disadvantage' (FD) In Manipur 625
3. Unconventional Origin of Womanhood in Manipur Patriarchal Society: 626
4. The Ideal Imoinu Womanhood: 627
5. Life-Ways of Women Acceptable to Goddess Imoinu: 628
6. The Imoinu-Khamnu Coaxial: 629
7. The Rebel Panthoibi: 630
8. Unintended Benefit Under Lallup System: Gender Empowerment: 631
9. Agitating Women-Nupi Lal: 1904: 632
10. Agitating Women-Second Nupi Lal: 1939: 634
11 From Social Guardian to State Defender: 639
12. The Naked Truth: Meira Paibi Movement: 641
13. Individual Vs. Collective Womanhood: 642
14. "Mixed Double" Anecdote: 643
15. Conclusion: 644

References, Further References & Notes:
References : 643
Notes:
1. British View of The Nupi Lal: 643
2. Manipur's Counter-View of The Nupi Lal: 645
3. Gender Empowerment Already Accomplished: 654
4. Women's Worth Still Sourcing from Retail Trade: 656
5. Negative Values Of Estimated Female Disadvantage: Manipur: 657
6. Global Gender Gap Report: 2007 661

Table.
12-1: Districtwise Child Mortality & Gender-based Variables: Manipur: 1991: 659
12-2: Global Gender Divide: Country Rankings (Gaps: in %) 2007 661

Chapter 13
Kuki-Naga Ethnicity In Current Manipur Polity: 665
Dr. T. S. Gangte

1. Introduction: 665
2. Ethnicity Hypotheses: 667
3. Unique Origin of The Kukis: 667
4. Turanian Ethnicity: 668
5. Migration from China in 2nd Century B.C: 670
6. Identity Management & Polity Formation: 671
7. Environment As Primary Factor Affecting Tribal Identity: 673
8. Political Changes Impinging On Tribal Identity Situations: 674
9. Language As A Means Of Unifying Tribal Identity-Seekers: 675
10. Identity of `Naga Nationhood': 676
11. 'Kuki' Identity Tribalized: 678
12. Kukis Settled As Buffer All Along The Manipur Border: 680
13. Kuki Diaspora As An Impediment To `Naga Nationhood' Plan: 681
14. Ethnic Cleansing & UNC Claim Of Most Hill Areas of Manipur: 682
15. Land As A Prime Issue Of The Persisting Kuki-Naga Tension: 684

Appendix:
The Manipur State Hill Peoples (Administration) Regulation, 1947: 691

References, Further References & Notes :
Reference 693
Notes:
1. Ethnicity & Polity Alternatives: A Manipur Experience: 694
2. Naga Psychosocial Identity & Modern Social Anthropologists 697
3. A 'Local Complex' Capable Of Many Specific Transformations: 699
4. Negation Of UNC-Claim To A Major Portion Of Manipur Territory: 701
5. UNC Claim Of Anal, Maring etc. Quite Untenable & Farcical 702
6. Naga Violence Against Kukis During 1993: 703
7. Government of India Stand On The Kuki-Naga Ethnicity; 704
8. Is Sovereignty Dropped From The `Peace-Talk Agenda'?: 706
9. 'Vulnerability' Of Northeast Region Vs. Modernization: 716
10. Reimagining `Look East' Policy Framework for the NE Region: 722
Synopsis: Naga Violence Against Kukis (1992-93) 725

Tables:
13-1 Districtwise Kuki-Naga Demography (%): Manipur: 683
13-2: Scheduled Tribes (ST) Population Of Manipur, 1961-2001: 688
13-3: Tribewise & Districtwise Demography: 1991* Manipur: (in %) 690
13-4: Districtwise Concentration Of Major/Minor Tribes: 1991 Manipur: 691
13-5: Circlewise &Tribewise Villages: Manipur: 1947:(in Nos): 692
13-6: Independence Movement: Naga Hills (Nagalim) 708

Chapter 14_A
The Religious Origin Of Manipuri Dance & Music: 731
R.K. Achoubisana

1. Introduction: 731
2. Anoi Lol As Origin Of Manipuri Dance: 731
3. Anoi Lol As Origin Of Yet Other Eleven Artforms: 732
4. Origin Of Music (Eshei) Of Manipur: 733
5. Types Of Manipuri Music: 734
6. Lai Haraoba Concept_A Pre-Religious & Pre-Political One: 735
7. Lai Haraoba As Differentiated From Folk Dance: 736
8. Lai Haraoba As Classical Dance: 737
9. Lai Haraoba Ritual As Source Of Pre-History Of Manipur: 737
10. Origin Of Ancient Manipuri Dance (Chukoi or Jagoi): 738
11. Manipuri Dance &Music During The Hinduized Period: 738
12. Dance-Drama/Musical Drama-Yet Another Manifestation of Anoi Lol:739
13. Descent From Koubru by Autochthons Led to Hill-Valley Divide: 740

References, Further References & Notes:
References & Further References: 740
Notes:
1. Lai Haraoba as Vehicle for Traditional Values of Ancient Manipur: 741
2. Lai Haraoba Originating from Ancient Religion of Manipur: 742
3. Guru & Laimaren of Manipur -vs- Yin & Yang of China: 743

Table Nos:
14A-1: Eleven Other Artforms Originating from Anoi Lol: 732
14A-2. Twelve Types of Music Originating from Anoi Lol: 734
14A-3: Comparative Musical Notation Systems of Manipur & India: 735

Chapter 14_B
Umang Lai Haraoba-The Traditional Dance & Music Theatre of Manipur Valley : 745
L. Joychandra Singh

1. Historical Background: 745
2. Religious Background: 746
3. Matrix of Manipuri Culture: 747
4. Lai Haraoba: 749
5. Lai Haraoba as Fertility Rite: 751
6. Crucial Role of Maiba, Maibi & Pena-khongba In Lai Haraoba: 755
7. Anatomy Of Lai Haraoba: 755
8. Lai Haraoba as a Transcending Core of Meitei Cultural History: 758
9. Conclusion: 759

References, Further References & Notes:
References & Further References 759
Notes:
1. Definitions 760
2. Unique Character of Umang Lai Haraoba: 768
3. Religiosity of Lai Haraoba: 769
4. Syncretisation of Lai Haraoba Dance by Bhagyachandra : 770
5. Exclusively Spiritual Character of Manipuri Dance: 773

Chapter 15
Traditional Dance & Music Festivals Of Major Ethnic Groups In Manipur Hills
Dr. H. Kamkhenthang

1. Introduction: 775
2. Common Features Of Identity Festivals: 776
3. Scope of Paper Confined to Major Ethnogene Groups: 777
4. The Hmar, Kuki, Paite & Mizo Festivals: 777
5. The Zaliangrong Festival: 785
6. The Tangkhul Festival: 786
7. The Mao Naga Festival: 790
8. The Anal Festival: 792
9. The Poumai Festival: 793
10. Why Fertility Rites 795

References, Further References & Notes:
References 796
Notes:
1. Musical Instruments: 796
2. Kabui Traditional Music: 797

Epilogue:
The 'Non-Identity' Thesis
1. Profligate Identity 798
2. Lessons Learnt 798
3. Feudalism Galore 799
4. Positivism & Non-violence 800
5. Future of Identity 800
6. Expect the Unexpected 801
7. The Non-Identity Argument 802
8. Personal vs. Psychological Identity 802
9. Reservation - a Zero-Sum Game (?) 803
10. Non-Zero-Sum Games 803
11. Growth With Equity 804
12. Peace Education 804
13. Much Research Needed 805
14, Mission Possible 806

Index 807

List of Photo-Plates/etc.
Chapter 1: Reassessing History For Posterity_ Editor's Rational
(No photoplate)

Chapter 2: The Historical, Archaeological, Religious & Cultural Significance of `Kangla': The Ancient Citadel of Manipur:
2-1: Map of Kangla
2-2: Western Kangla gate, as recently reconstructed
2-3: Old temple of Shri Govindaji in ruins at Kangla
2-4: Kangla Sha (double dragon) before demolition by the British in 1891
2-5: Kangla Sha (single dragon);
2-6: New Palace at Wangkhei
2-7: Shri Govindaji's temple at Wangkhei
2-8: Rath Yatra at Govindaji's temple, Palace, Imphal

Chapter 3: The Prehistoric Stone Age - Archaeological Background of Manipur:
3-1: Map of Manipur showing important Paleolithic & Neolithic sites: Manipur
3-2: Paleolithic finds from Songbu cave, Chandel district, Manipur
3-3: Paleolithic finds from Khankui cave, Ukhrul district, Manipur
3-4: Faunal remains from Khankui cave, Ukhrul district, Manipur
3-5: Hoabinhian pebble tools etc. from Manipur
3-6: Neolithic finds from Napachik Khunou, Wangu, Manipur foothills
3-7: Neolithic Corded Wares from Napachik and Lai Manai
3-8: Neolithic Celts from Manipur
3-9: Neolithic Quadrangular Celts from Manipur

Chapter 4: Mera Haochongba Festival_The Traditional Hill-Valley Interface: The `Carnival' of Manipur:
4-1: Mera Haochongba with the present king of Manipur in traditional costumes
Chapter 5-A: The Golden Rule Of Garib Niwaz:
5A-1: Garib Niwaz's dart (Arambai) much dreaded by the Burmese
5A-2: Polo-players on Manipuri pony in traditional polo dress at historic Pologround, Imphal

Chapter 5-B: Sanskritization Process of Manipur Under King Garib Niwaz
(No photoplate)

Chapter 6: Rajarshi Bhagyachandra - Royal Saint & Patriot:
6 -1: Ras-Lila as innovated by Bhagyachandra
6 -2: Original petition of Bhagyachandra to Lord Mornington,

Chapter 7: Maharaja Gambhir Singh: The Maker of Modern Manipur!
7-1: Footprints of Gambhir Singh at Kohima after Vanquishing Kohima

Chapter 8: Discernible Impact of Buddhism & Vaishnavism on Manipuri Culture - A Historiography
8-1 Bodhistava

Chapter 9: Similarities Between Sanamahi &Vaishnavism
(No photoplate)

Chapter 10: Synthesizing Role of The I.N.A. Martyrs' Memorial: Moirang & Indo-Japanese Peace Cenotaph: Lotpaching (Red Hill):
10-1. Replica of INA Memorial at Singapore - Inaugurated by Netaji, Demolished by the British - As since Reconstructed at Moirang by the INA Memorial Committee.
10-2 Netaji's statue at the INA Memorial complex at Moirang
10-3 Moirang Kangla, where the INA flag was hoisted on the 14th April, 1944
10-4. Photographs of Lotpaching (Red Hill) where the Nipponese fought their last Imphal Battle (as recapitulated by Japanese War Veterans) :

Chapter 11: Economic History of Manipur During British Period:
(No photoplate)

Chapter 12: The Transcendental Role of Women in Manipur History:
12:1. Women market-vendors agitating before the Residency: The First Nupi Lal: 1903
12.2. Women market-vendors before Imphal Telegraph Office Being Held back by gun-trotting British Army: During The Second Nupi Lal: 1939 (
12.3. Women market vendors encircling the Imphal Telegraph Office confronted by the British Army in Nupi Lal, 1939
12.4. Women Leaders offering floral Tributes at Nupi Lal Memorial: Imphal on Nupi Lal Day 12th December: 2003

Chapter 13: Kuki-Naga Ethnicity in Current Manipur Polity
(No photoplate)

Chapter 14-A: The Religious Origin of Manipuri Dance & Music
14A:1 Thang Anoi (Ladies Sword-Fighting) a regular feature at Lai Haraoba
14A: 2. Three Pena Khongba instrumentalists with Maibis (priestesses) leading the Lai Haraoba devotional dance & music procession
Chapter 14- B: Umang Lai Haraoba-Traditional Dance & Music Theatre of Manipur Valley
(No photoplate)

Chapter 15: Traditional Dance & Music Festivals Of Major Ethnic Groups in Manipur Hills
15:1. Mizo Bamboo Dance
15:2 Zeliangrong Dance:
15:3. Tangkhul Dance
15:4. Mao Naga Dance:
15:5. Anal Dance:

Photo-Contributors (with Bio-information)